Person‐Centered Emotional Support and Gender Attributions in Computer‐Mediated Communication

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98127/1/hcre12006.pd

Studying the Lunar-Solar Wind Interaction with the SARA Experiment aboard the Indian Lunar Mission Chandrayaan-1

The first Indian lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 was launched on 22 October 2008. The Sub-keV Atom Reflecting Analyzer (SARA) instrument onboard Chandrayaan-1 consists of an energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging mass analyzer called CENA (Chandrayaan-1 Energetic Neutrals Analyzer), and an ion-mass analyzer called SWIM (Solar wind Monitor). CENA performed the first ever experiment to study the solar wind-planetary surface interaction via detection of sputtered neutral atoms and neutralized backscattered solar wind protons in the energy range ~0.01-3.0 keV. SWIM measures solar wind ions, magnetosheath and magnetotail ions, as well as ions scattered from lunar surface in the ~0.01-15 keV energy range. The neutral atom sensor uses conversion of the incoming neutrals to positive ions, which are then analyzed via surface interaction technique. The ion mass analyzer is based on similar principle. This paper presents the SARA instrument and the first results obtained by the SWIM and CENA sensors. SARA observations suggest that about 20% of the incident solar wind protons are backscattered as neutral hydrogen and ~1% as protons from the lunar surface. These findings have important implications for other airless bodies in the solar system.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure

Disordered RNA chaperones can enhance nucleic acid folding via local charge screening

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.RNA chaperones are proteins that aid in the folding of nucleic acids, but remarkably, many of these proteins are intrinsically disordered. How can these proteins function without a well-defined three-dimensional structure? Here, we address this question by studying the hepatitis C virus core protein, a chaperone that promotes viral genome dimerization. Using single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, we find that this positively charged disordered protein facilitates the formation of compact nucleic acid conformations by acting as a flexible macromolecular counterion that locally screens repulsive electrostatic interactions with an efficiency equivalent to molar salt concentrations. The resulting compaction can bias unfolded nucleic acids towards folding, resulting in faster folding kinetics. This potentially widespread mechanism is supported by molecular simulations that rationalize the experimental findings by describing the chaperone as an unstructured polyelectrolyte.Swiss National Science FoundationEuropean Molecular Biology OrganizationIntramural Research Program of the NIDDK at the National Institutes of Healt

But Is It Myopia? Risk Aversion and the Efficiency of Stock-Based Managerial Incentives

This paper points out that stock incentives do not lead to myopia unless they result in more emphasis on the short-term than would occur under an optimal contract. It shows that myopia findings relative to the standard used throughout the literature (first-best efficiency) are often reversed when evaluated relative to the relevant standard of optimal contracting. Results reported by the previous literature to be myopia often in fact have excessive emphasis on the long-term. The paper solves in closed-form for the region in parameter space which gives rise to these reversals and shows that it can be arbitrarily largehttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/49369/5/2008Jan16JCarmel.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/49369/1/Visiting-Carmel.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/49369/4/Visiting-Carmel.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/49369/7/1108_2008Jan16JCarmel.pd

E00-110 experiment at Jefferson Lab Hall A: Deeply virtual Compton scattering off the proton at 6 GeV

We present final results on the photon electroproduction ((e) over right arrowp - \u3e ep gamma) cross section in the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) regime and the valence quark region from Jefferson Lab experiment E00-110. Results from an analysis of a subset of these data were published before, but the analysis has been improved, which is described here at length, together with details on the experimental setup. Furthermore, additional data have been analyzed, resulting in photon electroproduction cross sections at new kinematic settings for a total of 588 experimental bins. Results of the Q(2) and x(B) dependencies of both the helicity-dependent and the helicity-independent cross sections are discussed. The Q(2) dependence illustrates the dominance of the twist-2 handbag amplitude in the kinematics of the experiment, as previously noted. Thanks to the excellent accuracy of this high-luminosity experiment, it becomes clear that the unpolarized cross section shows a significant deviation from the Bethe-Heitler process in our kinematics, compatible with a large contribution from the leading twist-

Exclusive neutral pion electroproduction in the deeply virtual regime

We present measurements of the ep -\u3e ep pi(0) cross section extracted at two values of four-momentum transfer Q(2) = 1.9 GeV(2) and Q(2) = 2.3 GeV(2) at Jefferson Lab Hall A. The kinematic range allows one to study the evolution of the extracted cross section as a function of Q(2) and W. Results are confronted with Regge-inspired calculations and GPD predictions. An intepretation of our data within the framework of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering is also discussed

Spectroscopy of Li-9(Lambda) by electroproduction

Background: In the absence of accurate data on the free two-body hyperon-nucleon interaction, the spectra of hypernuclei provides information on the details of the effective hyperon-nucleon interaction. Purpose: To obtain a high-resolution binding-energy spectrum for the Be-9(e, e\u27 K+) Li-9(Lambda) reaction. Method: Electroproduction of the hypernucleus Li-9(Lambda) has been studied for the first time with sub-MeV energy resolution in Hall A at Jefferson Lab on a Be-9 target. In order to increase the counting rate and to provide unambiguous kaon identification, two superconducting septum magnets and a ring imaging Cherenkov detector were added to the Hall A standard equipment. Results: The cross section to low-lying states of Li-9(Lambda) is concentrated within 3 MeV of the ground state and can be fit with four peaks. The positions of the doublets agree with theory while a disagreement could exist with respect to the relative strengths of the peaks in the doublets. The Lambda separation energy, B-Lambda, of 8.36 +/- 0.08 (stat.) +/- 0.08 (syst.) MeV was measured, in agreement with an earlier experiment